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Is Atheism Irrational?

Many atheists love to describe themselves as rationalists or free thinkers. But if atheism is true, what exactly is *thinking*? Isn’t it just the fizzing of the chemicals between our ears, driven by the blind forces of physics and chemistry? Which would make atheism… well, irrational, right? So could it be that Christianity offers a far more compelling basis for thinking and a far better reason to trust our own minds?

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Lab Notes From the Faithful: Emily Wainwright MSc

Steve: Emily, thanks for agreeing to chat with me. So, you are a scientist and you are also a Christian. Tell me a bit about your background and the science work that you’re involved in?

Emily: Sure. When I was in high school, I developed a strong interest in science. At first I thought it was more to mathematics and physics, but once I started my undergrad degree, I did a cell biology course that really opened my eyes to the beauty of the molecular world of DNA and proteins and things like that, which really grabbed me.

I did a biotechnology diploma program at Holland College in Prince Edward Island that also incorporated practical laboratory skills from different areas of science, including chemistry, biology, proteins, biochemistry, and that gave me a lot of bench skills for working in the lab doing different kinds of research. After that I worked in an analytical chemistry lab for a while.

Steve: Sounds like lots of hands-on bench work in the lab?

Emily: Yeah, a lot bench work. We did soil and feed testing for samples that farmers brought in from their fields. Basically to tell them they need to fertilize more and give advice. So it was a good job, but I felt that there was something lacking, because it was sort of repetitive, and I wanted to learn and discover more.

At that time I was also reading some books that really opened my eyes to see that science and scientific evidence make a case for the existence of a designer of all of it. So after a few years I ended up going to the University of Prince Edward Island to do a Bachelor of Science in biotechnology. From there I transitioned into a master’s program.

Steve: What area is your masters work in?

Emily: It’s a Master of Science specializing in bacteriology. It’s very cool! My project focuses on antibiotic resistance in bacteria found in poultry farms. I liked this area of research because antibiotic resistance is a major problem in the world, and there’s evidence to show that antibiotic resistance genes in bacteria can be shared and spread from animals to humans, potentially through the food chain. My research is looking at resistance in poultry farms in Atlantic Canada, and also testing for resistant genes in these bacteria that are present  on chicken meat that you just buy at the store.

Steve: That’s great, such practical application that we can all benefit from. I love that about science.

Emily: Exactly. I’m trying to give us more detailed information about the kinds of resistance genes that are in these environments, possibilities of transmission between animals and humans, which is a really big problem, and just looking at the different mechanisms that can be used for transmission of resistance genes. There are a lot of different molecular mechanisms that bacteria use to share genetic information, including resistance genes.

Steve: So that’s a bit on the science side. Another aspects to your life is your Christian faith. Tell me a bit about that: how did you become a Christian?

Emily: I grew up in a Christian home, going to church, and so I don’t have a specific memory of the exact day I decided for myself, but my parents always encouraged us to not just believe these things about God just because that’s what they believe. They taught us to pursue our relationship with God for ourselves, and think about it for ourselves too.

Steve: So it sounds like they were open to questions and investigation?

Emily: Yeah, even something like simply reading the Bible for ourselves, instead of just listening in church. My dad would read the Bible to us, and I remember my dad had a tradition that as soon as we learned how to read well enough, he would give us our first ‘real’ Bible, after having one of those kids ones. I remember getting my first Bible –  I was so excited and so pumped to read it!

As I grew up, that kept going, I worked on my own relationship with God, and so basically I feel that I’ve been a Christian my whole life in a way. But it was as I got older my relationship with God grew and grew and now it’s stronger, along with the fact that I’ve been a scientist for a long time.

Steve: It really stands out to me that it’s your own faith, not something forced on you, as is often the accusation from sceptics. It sounds like it’s meaningful to you and you’re committed to it…and you’re also a scientist.

Emily: Absolutely!

Steve: You’ve been a Christian in the sciences for several years. Have you ever experienced any sort of antagonism because of that?

Emily: Nothing very intense like I’ve heard others have had. I think that’s maybe just something to do with where I’m based.

I’m always ready and willing to talk to anybody about my faith, however, I always find that God has sort of just presented me with opportunities for good conversations that come up naturally. Because I’m open about my faith I think it attracts some curiosity, and that starts conversations.

There was an experience at one of my jobs where I had asked for a reference from a superior for my masters application, and he gave it to me. But later he found out I was a Christian and told one of my coworkers that he wished he had known that before, because he if he had known that he might not have given me a reference as he didn’t want to be associated with a Christian. He was a very committed atheist. It didn’t really bother me though.

On another occasion I had a coworker ask me about my faith. She said: “So you are a Christian, but you’re also a scientist. So like, how do you reconcile those two things?”

Steve: That was going to be one of my next questions, because that’s really where the rubber hits the road isn’t it?

Emily: Exactly! I started talking to her about how when you look into scientific evidence for various things, I actually find that science provides stronger evidence for the theistic worldview than it does for an atheistic or materialistic worldview. Especially in the world of DNA which is something I can talk to colleagues about. No materialistic process has been shown to be able to generate the information carrying capacity that we find in DNA and the information content within DNA.

The only explanation that sufficiently explains it, that we know of, is intelligence. And so I laid out a little bit of that argument as an example for her, and it sparked a great conversation. And another, and another. We ended up having lots of conversations about God and she started going to church and reading the Bible and trying to pray. It’s really cool.

Steve: That’s great. What started of as a question led to a relationship and you were able to direct her to God.

Emily: Yeah. I always think that it starts with a relationship, a friendship, and you build that trust with somebody, and they see that you are a Christian you don’t hide that, and you just live your faith, and they can see that there is something different in your life.

Steve: Just one last question. What would you say to someone younger who is looking to go into the sciences. What would you encourage them with?

Emily: Firstly,  there is no conflict between God and science – that’s the main thing. In the book of Romans, in chapter one, Paul says that God’s invisible attributes, His eternal power, His divine nature, are clearly perceived by the things that he has made. That verse is one of my favourite verses because I think all of us, even if we’re not Christian, even people who are atheists, do perceive the beauty of the world around us. They can see the complexity, the intricacy, and the design. What differs is how we interpret it. Do we try to explain it away? Or do we look at that and say, this looks so beautifully designed – I can make the hypothesis that there was a Designer.

Johannes Kepler is credited with saying that the study of science, how the universe works and all that, is a way of ‘thinking God’s thoughts after Him’. And if that’s the case, then studying this creation is going to be studying how the God of the universe designed it, and He created us in His image, meaning that our minds are capable of understanding His creation. He made the creation intelligible for us.

And so if you have an interest in science, I think that is a God given gift, and that you should pursue that and see where God takes you with it, no matter what happens.

Steve: Thank you so much for that encouragement – I can’t agree more! Thank you so much for taking the time to chat to me.

 ——

Emily Wainwright is currently a full-time graduate student in the MSc in Veterinary Medicine program at the Atlantic Veterinary College in Prince Edward Island, Canada. During her undergraduate studies, she obtained a BSc in Biotechnology and is now specializing in Bacteriology. Her research focuses on antibiotic resistance in the Canadian poultry industry. When not studying, she enjoys reading books on far ranging topics from many areas of science and philosophy. When not doing science, she enjoys training in the martial art of Brazilian Jiu Jitsu.

School Days with SU Scotland

One of our ministry partners at Solas is Scripture Union Scotland. We’ve done many events, conferences, holidays, and staff-training courses over the years; as have many friends in and around the organisation and really appreciate their commitment to delivering high quality youth and children’s work all over the country.

In a new development for me at least – I was asked to go and speak at an SU Group in one of the large secondary schools in Perth. They’ve had a thriving SU group in the school for many years, which meets on a Thursday lunchtime. A Christian teacher allows the group to use his room, while a retired teacher comes into the school to lead the meetings.

The format is probably pretty similar to what many school SU groups do. They have lunch together with drinks and snacks and all the pupils catch up with each other. Then they have some kind of message or informal Bible study together. This is obviously really encouraging for the pupils who come, and it draws people from across a wide variety of churches, and one or two who have no church background (or even have significant objections to aspects of the Christian faith), who are very welcome too.

The reason I was invited into the school to speak at the SU group was because this term they have been using our Have You Ever Wondered? book as the basis for their discussions. Interestingly, as well as looking at several chapters in the book within the SU group, they have been trying out using the questions as ways of stirring up spiritual and value-based conversations with friends in the school – and reporting back each week how they got on.

I was asked to give them a quick guide to my chapter: Have You Ever Wondered Why We Love Happy Endings? which is an enjoyable chapter to look at together because it has parallels with the grand narrative of scripture as well as many aspects of popular culture. The group was divided 60/40 against the appreciation of Rom-Coms, but yet they all appreciated the way in which these films have a common narrative arc, from hope through despair and on to resolution in a happy ending!

We looked at our yearning for a happy ending and thought about the way in which the world is yearning for “closure”. Injustice, pain, illness, wickedness, war and disappointments all leave us yearning for resolution. In the meantime, the deepest need we have is hope. That means that in Christ we can offer people hope -that there will be a happy ending (a New Heaven and a New Earth), and that we can invite them to come to Christ and into the happy ending that God offers us all. My colleague Steve is going to the same group in a few weeks, so I’ll be interested to hear how they got on with their conversations!

The SU group in this school is quite strong, they often get up to 19 people along from across the school (it was slightly less the week I was there). We were amazed when we heard the story of a girl who tried to start a group like this in her school, but no one came. She is in fact the only Christian she knows in here school. Rather than giving up however, she has set up a book group and the are looking at Have You Ever Wondered? together, as she thinks it will interest her friends and lead to great conversations; bridging from what matters most to her friends to what matters most!

So, I was delighted to tell this big SU school Su group about that girl on her own in that secondary school in England – and they promised to pray for her and her book group!

With Angela Courte Mackenzie

In a wide-ranging conversation, Andy and Gavin speak with Angela Mackenzie about the role apologetics has had in her life. Her unique blend of artistry, femininity, scholarship and cross-cultural experience are an incredible inspiration as she integrates them all in the service of Christ.

With Angela Courte Mackenzie PEP Talk

Our Guest

Angela Courte Mackenzie is a musician, speaker, broadcaster, apologist and Florida native. She holds a B.A. in Music and, at age 50, she completed an M.A. in Christian Apologetics exploring the intersection of music, faith, and apologetics. Angela has decades of experience presenting and performing music on television. She currently hosts Praise Around the Piano and directs the Amazing Life Gospel Choir in Stirling. Since 2014, Angela has called Scotland home, where she lives with her husband, Kenneth, and their blended family of 31, including 19 grandchildren. Learn more at angela.org

About PEP Talk

The Persuasive Evangelism Podcast aims to equip listeners to share their faith more effectively in a sceptical world. Each episode, Andy Bannister (Solas) and Kristi Mair (Oak Hill College) chat to a guest who has a great story, a useful resource, or some other expertise that helps equip you to talk persuasively, winsomely, and engagingly with your friends, colleagues and neighbours about Jesus.

Sharing the Gospel in the NHS – Frontlines Revisited

Solas: Today I’m speaking to Georgie Coster, who is a nurse at Stoke Hospital. Welcome Georgie, how are you? Tell us what field of nursing you are in?

Georgie: Hi! I’m well thankyou! I’m a Staff Nurse in the emergency surgery ward, although during 2020 we were converted into a Covid ward. Now though we are back working in emergency surgery. In 2021, I’ll be moving over to intensive Care nursing.

Solas: And what was it like running the Covid ward?

Georgie: There are no words to describe how busy it’s been! We’ve been in the top-ten of worst number of cases and admissions, so it’s been pretty hard.

Solas: What are your main roles and responsibilities?

Georgie: in emergency Surgery, we take patients who have come in through A&E, we don’t do any elective (planned) procedures, we are constantly responding to emergency situations. We receive the patients from A&E and look after them until they go into the operating theatre. Then we receive them back from theatre and nurse them through their recovery through until they are ready to be discharged from the hospital. Of course, some patients don’t actually require surgery, others don’t make it as far as surgery – there’s a huge variety. My role as a nurse is to manage every aspect of their care; continence, eating, drinking, personal hygiene, oral care, preventing pressure sores, administering all medications (orally or injections) including managing pain relief. We put in and remove catheters, take cannulas in and out, do blood-transfusions, administer IV fluids (known as putting up a drip), we take blood, monitor blood-pressure, heart rate, oxygen saturation, temperature, and then we liaise with relative of the patients. Communication with families is important, as is communicating with Drs, in terms of everyone knowing what is going on with a particular patient and how we are going to treat them. Often the patient has lots of questions, which they won’t ask the Dr – but they will ask us, so communication with both Drs and patients is really important. The nurse is also the patient’s advocate within the system. Then we liaise with physios, pharmacists, social care workers, and then at patient discharge we make sure they are going to a suitable place, whether it’s home, a care home or respite etc, and that District Nurses are informed if there is ongoing wound care needed. Then we are also involved in training student nurses as well. No two days are the same!

Solas: Which parts of the job do you enjoy the most? What gives you job satisfaction in all of that?

Georgie:  What has always attracted me to the job is being there for patients at their most vulnerable moments. Even a 92-year old lying in a bed looking very frail and vulnerable was at one time a banker, or a business manager or a very capable, independent man or woman. Or I am faced with 18 year old who has had a car crash and can’t do things for themselves as they used to do – as a nurse I am able to step into their situation and do things for them, that they can no longer do. I love being able to be there – when people need you the most. There’s great satisfaction in seeing patients get better too. That’s not always the case obviously, but there are those moments when you’ve worked really, really hard to turn somebody around and you see them walking out of the door well – you can’t beat that!

Solas: So in all that frenetic multi-tasking work you’ve described, what challenges do you face and how does your faith in Christ help you to navigate those? What difference does your faith make in how you go about your job?

Georgie: There can be something therapeutic about knowing that you don’t have to have everything all together. In nursing there can be a real ‘ego-culture’ and ‘blame-culture’ is massive too in the NHS in general but particularly in nursing. That comes as a bit of a surprise when you are young and come into nursing expecting nurses to be the most compassionate people on earth, yet find them being so absolutely horrible to each other. Part of the reason for that is that if you “throw somebody else under the bus” you automatically clear your own name. or you feel better about yourself by pointing out other people’s failures. There is an awful lot of pressure to be the best nurse – being the most competent or compassionate turns into a competition. But sometimes you wake up and feel totally inadequate for the day ahead, especially if you haven’t had much sleep, and you don’t think that anybody’s life should be in your hands. It’s such a relief for me to know that I’m not dependent on my own great nursing abilities, or compassionate nature, because there are days when that’s non-existent. But in those times I can look to God, because He’s the one I’m relying on! Because if there is any gift in me, of patience or compassion or kindness or skill; then He gave it to me anyway! So the whole need to continually prove yourself or fuel your ego melts away. And I find that so comforting. I don’t need to go into work to impress Drs, managers, or get the most nominations from patients; because for me work is an act of worship to God. So God gives me everything I need. When my compassion runs dry, He’s got an endless supply! So when I am really struggling to love a person I can say to God, “I know you love them and so please give me some of that love for them because I have not got any.” So there is something so good about being able to  hold your hands up and say, “actually I am so rubbish but actually God, you are able to give me everything I need to do a good job”. It’s a big relief!

Solas: Do colleagues know you’re a Christian – how do they react when they find out?

Georgie: Everyone I work with knows I’m a Christian, but I haven’t faced any hostility. My ward manager, he’s married to a man – which has led to some interesting conversations; but he’s never ever once shown any animosity; he’s always just said that he respects my beliefs. I’ve been really blessed that nobody had ever expressed any anger towards me because of my faith. Now people have expressed their anger towards God, when conversations at 4AM on the night-shift come up, and people ask how God could allow suffering. People have expressed their anger at God to me; but no one has expressed anger at me personally.

Solas: So have you ever had opportunities to share anything of your faith with people that you work with? If so, what’s helped those conversations? Did you set out deliberately to have conversations, or is it something that just happened spontaneously?

Georgie: A key to having an opportunity to share your faith is this. We probably, as Christians, get into a routine of travelling into work and praying, “Oh Lord, please give me an opportunity to speak about you today”, and maybe that is drilled into us. But often my lips have been saying “give me an opportunity to speak about you” but my heart has been saying “She doesn’t mean what she’s saying, don’t listen to her, please don’t answer this prayer!!” But there have been other days when I have really genuinely prayed, really genuinely wanting to talk about The Lord that day. And it’s been on those days when my heart has matched my lips when I’ve prayed – that I’ve always, always been presented with an opportunity on a plate to speak about my faith. Someone will say, “So, what do you believe about…..” It just happens, the opportunity is given to me, and I don’t have to work for it. A massive part of our evangelism is about having a heart that wants to, rather than a heart that knows it ought to but would rather not. What The Lord wants is a heart that wants to talk about Him, that is not ashamed of him. When he sees that that is there, I think He delights to give us an opportunity. There have been times when I have not really wanted to talk about Him, and felt embarrassed or too busy to have a conversation about faith; and opportunities have still come, but by far the best conversations I have had are when I have prayed sincerely on the way in; and then ended up having some really, really deep conversations with people. That’s especially the case on night-shift that has to be said. There is something spiritual which happens in the heart of a man or woman at 4AM – and all life’s deepest questions come to the surface; it’s when the deepest conversations occur.

When people first get to meet you and realise that you’re a Christian, they try and work out if you are a ‘private-Christian’, or one who is open to talking about these things. I’ve had people say to me, “I really hope you don’t mind me asking this, and I don’t mean any offence by this but…. Do you believe the Bible?”(or whatever their question is). They often tiptoe into the conversation, apologizing in case I’m offended by their question! As soon as you make it plain that you actually love talking about this, and that no one could ever offend you by bringing up matters of faith in conversation, then people know that you’re up for a chat about it – then they become more open. They need to know they can speak their mind to you, and you’re not going to go and cry in the corner, then people enjoy asking questions and talking about deeper things.

Solas: Presumably though those conversations don’t come completely out of the blue, there must be some foundation of trust, relationship with you?

Georgie: In our job we build that very quickly. We are quite literally wiping people’s bums together – and we do develop a close rapport really quickly. We resuscitate human being together, we grieve together when a patient we’ve worked with dies, and that creates a bond which perhaps you wouldn’t get in some office jobs when you are working at separate desks. So in that way the soil gets ‘worked’ and relationships formed at quite a deep level. You can’t do the job without developing a high level of trust in colleagues, and again that makes a good foundation for meaningful conversation.

Solas: So when you have spoken about your faith, have people brought up questions and objections? What sort of things have they said?

Georgie: A lot of the responses are suffering related. We so much suffering in our context that that is a big question. Many people think, “How can God be real, if he allows that?” – or if He’s real, He’s not good. So that’s huge. Everytime we see a patient in pain, or at the end of their life – then that question is there, especially when someone dies young.

Solas: And how do you respond to such a huge question, if you only have five minutes in a coffee break?

Georgie: I usually say to people we have to go back to Genesis, right back to the beginning. I try to explain to people that God made the world, and it was originally ‘good’ – not like it is now. It was originally perfect, and He could have kept it perfect, but that would have meant reducing us to robots – but He didn’t want robots who were always programmed to make the right choices and worship Him. He didn’t want people only one setting (the “worship God and live for him” setting), He wanted real relationship. He wanted to create a people who would really love Him and chose to have genuine and authentic relationship with Him. And so the consequences of the fact that we have choice, means sadly that we have messed the world up. Then, sometimes on night shift, you get more detailed discussions. During lockdown, one of my colleagues found things really difficult, and this was her big question. I was able to lend her several good Christian books on the subject and she read and read and then came to discuss them with me. A good book can be helpful, because it can give people a lot more than you can in the few minutes you might have to say something.

Solas: You talked about praying for opportunities to speak about Jesus at work; what motivates you to want to do that?

Georgie: Knowing that Jesus is my only hope in this life and In eternity. He is the only way to the Father, there is no other name given under heaven by which we can be saved, and I care about the eternity of my colleagues. In recent months I’ve also realised more and more that Jesus is also the only hope for life here and now too. I don’t know how I would have got through this year without a solid, stable, steady hope which is like an anchor and a rock! The world has gone mad! And that motivates me all the more, because I think “If they just knew Jesus they would have such hope.” He can bring peace to their chaos and anxieties. He is someone they can trust, who is dependable and will never change or let them down. I have this hope – and I so badly want that for others too.

Solas: What advice would give a young Christian starting in your job who wants to be faithful to Christ there?

Georgie: Well, one biggest thing I have learnt is that when I first qualified I had this sacred-secular divide. I saw work as an interruption to my worship of God. I ran the church youth ministry then, and if I had to work on a Friday-night and miss the youth group, then I would resent the inconvenience.  I thought that coming to work was interrupting my life of service to God! So work became like this big, bad enemy which kept me from worship and service and God’s glory! But actually, what I’ve learned is that work is worship, and I can serve and glorify God in youthwork on a Friday night, and equally on a night-shift; when everyone is bad-mouthing a patient or colleague and I take things in a more helpful direction. Or if no one is giving a patient a drink, and I can bring them what they need. It’s not explicit evangelism or church-work, but it is ministry when you do it with a heart that wants to please God. So I’d say that nursing is an interruption to your church-life, but don’t let it become and interruption to your worship. Everything you do for a patient can offered as worship to God, or for a relative. Every extra hour you spend at work when your shift is actually over can be worship. God doesn’t only reward us for our evangelism – but also “you were hungry and you fed me, I was thirsty and you gave me something to drink” as well. Nursing is not easy, it is a costly life which will demand from you a lot of patience, effort and compassion. You will get tired, and go home late and miss weekends. But that costly offering can be given as a sacrifice of praise to God – and it is worth it.

Solas: That’s a great note to end on – thankyou so much!

Georgie: Pleasure!


This interview is one of a series of conversations with Christians in a wide variety of trades and professions, about being a Christian at work and how they share their faith there. To see other inspiring interviews in this series click here.

“Church Focussed”

In Solas in recent months we have been working on our statement of values, making sure that they reflect what we sincerely believe and which help hold us to account to life our the high calling we have in Christ. Paul wrote these words to the Ephesians: ” I urge you to live a life worthy of the calling you have received.” (Eph 1:4). One of the values that we have identified as core to our mission is that we remain “church-focussed”. That is to say that we exist to serve, grow and bless the church of Christ, and never, ever think that the church exists to facilitate para-church ministry. I heard someone recently say, that “we can be para-church, but never parasites!” Indeed.

We are deeply aware that the church of Christ is his bride, of which we are all members – and that any para-church activity must exist for the sake of Christ, His gospel and His church! As such we never hold any meetings which  are “Solas events”, to which we expect the churches to supply an audience! Rather we only ever work where we are invited, by congregations, denominations, CU groups, missions, church-networks or presbyteries, or BIble-colleges and seminaries.

Recently I was invited to preach on this subject by our friends at Riverside Church in Ayr as part of their teaching series on The Church. I used Hebrews 10 as our guide through the many reasons that Christians need to meet together for worship, prayer, fellowship and teaching. Most of the sermon was captured on the two videos that follow.

The Sunday I was in Ayr was also a few weeks prior to the Confident Christianity conference that Riverside were hosting and Solas were supplying speakers for. In the following clip, I talked about what a Confident Christianity conference is about, what to expect and introduced the speakers. If you are a church interested in this kind of work, have a watch and if you think an event like this (or something similar) might be of use to you or your fellowship, please get in touch with us. We love visitng new churches (large and small), and new towns and cities (large and small!) all over the UK.

To read more about how we serve local churches, click here.

With the Faith Mission

The Faith Mission is an evangelistic ministry which has been going since 1886, with a special interest in reaching rural and remote parts of the UK. Many people have come across their large chain of bookshops in Scotland and Northern Ireland, and in Edinburgh they also have a great cafe. Solas has a few good connections with the FM – and not least of which is that their bookshops stock our work! We have some evangelism-training work coming up with them in a few months time and we know Angus Moyes at their Bible College too, from his previous work with Scripture Union Scotland in Edinburgh.

So it was a real joy to head down to the Faith Mission College one Friday recently to meet Russell Newton, the Principal and to share with the students there something of the work of Solas. When he introduced me, Russell drew the students attention to the fact that I had edited Have You Ever Wondered? with Andy Bannister, and that two contributors to that volume (Michael Ots and David Nixon) are graduates of their Bible College! When Russell invited the students to pray for Solas and our work – it was deeply moving to hear them respond with insight, passion and faith. It was such an encouragement to me to hear the prayers of God’s people for our work, mission and organisation. If your church has a midweek prayer meeting, or prayer bulletin, or you pray in housegroups; we’d love to send you some up-to-date prayer requests (or even visit you if we can). We rely deeply on God through prayer for every aspecyt of our work, from funding it to delivering it; from recruitment and administrsation to writing and preaching. Contact us if you’d like to pray for our work more effectively, or sign up for our prayer letter here.

The college graciously invited me then to speak at their weekly worship service. I looked at Psalm 51, King David’s song of repentence after the prophet Nathan called him out on his sexual immorality and violence. The key in that text was that David understood that he didn’t need more religious duties to perform or to learn self-discipline technicques; he needed a “new heart”. In the days running up to this event, there had been disturbing revelations in the press about the fall of a highly regarded Christian preacher – we thought together about how we could preserve our ministries and integrity.

Solas has a good relationships with several colleges and theological institutions around the country (and a few further afield too). Andy’s Bannister’s expertise on Islam and apologetics and Steve Osmond’s apologetics material are in high demand. Again, if you are involved in theologcal education or ministry training, we’d welcome the opportunity to speak to you about working together

Will Elon Musk Save Humanity?

One of Elon Musk’s boldest ambitions is to colonise Mars. But what is driving the world’s richest man to try and save humanity by liberating it from Earth? The drive to explore the universe and somehow throw off the corruption of our current situation has featured throughout human history. But as Musk and others seek to save humanity from itself, there are underlying truths to humanity’s curious, but imperfect nature that point not to Mars, but to Heaven itself.

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Have You Ever Wondered Why We Struggle With Guilt and Shame?

Imagine sitting with a group of friends, when someone suggests as a conversation starter: ‘Tell us the most embarrassing thing that ever happened to you?”  Initially, people feel uncomfortable.  But soon the stories are flowing, eliciting a mixture of laughter and sympathy.  After all, we’ve all had the experience of feeling red-faced and wishing the ground would open up underneath us to save us from the embarrassment.

However, imagine the reaction if a slightly different question were posed: “What is the worst thing you have ever done?”  Probably the air would grow cold and conversation dry up as everyone is seized with fear.  Answering that question, truthfully, runs the risk of being judged, rejected and condemned.  Rather than triggering the feeling of embarrassment, it rouses our sense of guilt and shame. Deep down we’re all afraid that if people knew the truth about us then they wouldn’t love us.

Many of us know what it is like to struggle with a secret sense of guilt or suffocating sense of shame.  Although related, these two things can be distinguished.  Guilt says: ‘I have done something wrong’.  Shame says: “There is something wrong with me”.  Guilt is triggered when our behaviour falls short of an objective standard dividing right and wrong, justice and injustice, good and evil.  Shame is the subjective sense of pain that I am unworthy of being loved because of the things I have done or experienced.

Over the centuries, people have sought to find an escape from the crippling effects of guilt and shame.  Often they have blamed religion for making people feel bad about themselves, particularly Christianity with its concern about personal sin.  Perhaps they could point to the central character in John Bunyan’s famous story “The Pilgrim’s Progress.”  Christian is seeking freedom from the burden of sin that he carries around on his back.  He became aware of his sin and its potential to sink him down from the grave into hell after reading about it the Bible[1].

In the story he finds release at the Cross of Jesus Christ.  However, in our world people have suggested alternative ways to remove the burden of sin, guilt and shame from our backs.  For example, the philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche denied that sin existed – believing that a release from guilt would come when people realised that “God is dead” and consequently there is no moral objective moral standard that stands in judgement over our lives.[2]  An alternative solution offered by the psychologist Sigmund Freud was to redefine sin – arguing it is not a moral problem, instead it’s a psychological or emotional problem.[3]  He wanted to liberate his patients from their over-active consciences, informed by religious beliefs, to accept and express their deepest desires rather than repress them as sinful.

However, it’s noticeable that none of these alternative strategies have worked!  We are still a society that is gripped in the vice of moral guilt and shame.  In fact, our guilt and shame have metastasised to even greater proportions.  Now we are made to feel guilty and ashamed about the food we eat, the clothes we wear, the places we shop, the ways we travel, the opinions we hold, the injustices of our ancestors.  But the problem is that there is no end to the possible reparations, no way to keep up with the demands of righteousness, and no means of forgiveness for our failures.  Like Lady Macbeth, we cannot cleanse our hands from the “damned spot” of our sins.[4]

The reason that we cannot escape the moral sense of sense is because we don’t live in a universe of mindless, meaningless matter that exists purely by time, chance and natural selection.  Instead, we live in a moral universe that has been crafted and ruled over by a morally good God.

Life works best when we live in line with the moral grain of the universe and life breaks down when we work against it.  Our conscience, like the umpire in tennis, calls us “in” or “out” in the moral game of life.  It convicts and makes us feel guilt and shame about our sin.

The Russian novelist Dostoyevsky explores this inescapable moral reality in the novel “Crime and Punishment”.[5]  It tells the story of a young student called Raskolnikov, who attempts to pull off the perfect crime.  Although he successfully murders and robs a rich old woman, and avoids being arrested by the police; he cannot escape his own conscience, which in the end leads him to confess and confess his guilt to the police.

The fact is that we all sin (guilt) and all are sinners (shame).  If you still need any convincing of that fact, then listen to Francis Spufford’s contemporary definition for sin, the HPtFtU: “the human propensity to ***k things up”.[6]  The fact is that none of us is perfect.  None of us live up to our ideals, let alone God’s.

Another Francis (Schaeffer, this time) once pointed out that as moral beings living in a moral universe, we cannot avoid setting moral standards for others.  We expect other people to behave certain ways and treat us in good ways; and we judge them and express disappointment in them when they fail to live up to those standards.  But the problem is that so often we fail to live up to our own standards – we are very good at living in hypocrisy.[7]  We don’t need God to pronounce us sinners according to His standards, when we often fail to live up to our own standards!

But there is good news for sinful, guilty, ashamed people like you and me.  The Bible is not the problem; rather the Bible contains the solution.  Without the Bible we still know we’re sinners; but with the Bible we are introduced to a Saviour from sin.  The Bible is not just a moral rule book – because moral rules can only condemn, never forgive.  It is the true story of the gracious love of God who forgives and transforms sinners.  At the centre of that story is the divine person of Jesus Christ.

Jesus knows the truth about us – the worst things we have done or have had done against us.  But rather than judging and dismissing us.  Instead, He has set His love upon us and come into this world to save us.  In His life, Jesus is the only person who has ever lived up to God’s moral standards – He never sinned.  In His death, Jesus has suffered the moral judgement and condemnation that our sins deserved.  And in His resurrection, Jesus has proclaimed the good news: “There is now no condemnation for those who are in Christ Jesus” (Roman 8:1) … “If we confess our sins, God is faithful and just to forgive our sins and cleanse us from all unrighteousness” (1 John 1:8)

Jesus makes it possible for us to be honest about our sins, to receive forgiveness for our sins, and to be transformed to become more like Himself, the sin-less One.  That’s why the former slave-trader and notorious sinful sailor John Newton burst out in song: “Amazing grace, how sweet the sound, that saved a wretch like me”.[8]

So if – like Christian in Bunyan’s tale – you feel crushed by the burden of guilt and shame, then come to the Cross of Jesus – there you can be set free!

[1] John Bunyan, ‘The Pilgrim’s Progress’ (Oxford University Press: Oxford, 1966) at p1-2.

[2] Friedrich Nietzsche, ‘The Gay Science,’ translated by Thomas Common (Dover Publications: New York, 2006) Book 3 Section 125.

[3] Sigmund Freud, ‘The Future of an Illusion,’ translated by James Strachey (W.W. Norton: New York, 1961) at p.43-45.

[4] William Shakespeare, ‘The Tragedy of Macbeth’ at Act 5 Scene 1 (accessed online 8th November 2024: https://shakespeare.mit.edu/macbeth/macbeth.5.1.html)

[5] Fyodor Dostoyevsky, ‘Crime and Punishment’ (Oxford University Press: Oxford, 1998).

[6] Francis Spufford, ‘Unapologetic: Why, despite everything, Christianity can still make surprising emotional sense’ (Faber and Faber: London, 2012) at p.26.

[7] Francis Schaeffer, ‘Death in the City’ (Inter-Varsity Press: London, 1969) at p.98-99.

[8] John Newton, ‘Amazing Grace’ (Public Domain: 1623).


Have You Ever Wondered? is also the title of our popular book and a series of articles and videos on this website. With intriguing answers to questions as diverse as ‘Have You Ever Wondered’ why we are drawn to beauty, respect altruism, value the environment, preserve the past, chase money, love music and defend human rights?; the book has a wide range of authors who’s wonderings have drawn them to spiritual and Christian answers to their investigations. With free copies available for people who sign-up to support Solas for as little as £3/month, and big discounts for bulk orders – Have You Ever Wondered? is an effective and affordable way to engage in helpful spiritual discussions.

Gavin and the Chatty Chappies

A few months ago I was invited to appear as a guest on the Chatty Chappies radio show, which goes out on Heartsong FM in the Glasgow area. I had known Brian, the presenter, years ago when he lived in the Perth area – and he invited me on the programme initially after he had read Have You Ever Wondered? That book, looks at all sorts of questions that people are asking today, such as those surrounding love, beauty, truth, justice, the environment, suffering, music, and gently suggests that these are all ultimately ‘God-questions’ which point to him. Brian was intrigued, and invited me on the show. In the programme itself he did mention the book a few times but also asked about a whole range of other things too, about Solas, the state of the church and more. It was a really enjoyable conversation which was captured on YouTube, because Heartsong doesn’t have a ‘listen-again’ archive.

Heartsong is available online here. Brian and Andrew, the Chatty Chappies themselves, have a page here. And Have You Ever Wondered? can be found by clicking here.

PEP Talk with Rhiannon McAleer

Today on PEP Talk, Andy and Kristi learn about the Lumino research project from the Bible Society. Its in-depth surveys and analysis offer great insight into attitudes towards the Bible. What can it tell us about Biblical literacy, relevance and attractiveness across UK society? And what should we keep in mind as we help introduce others to the message of Jesus in the Bible?

The Lumino project surveyed 20,000 people to find out what they thought about Christianity, the Bible and faith. Explore its resources and insights here.

With Rhiannon McAleer PEP Talk

Our Guest

Dr Rhiannon McAleer is Director of Research and Impact at the Bible Society. After completing her PhD at the University of Exeter, Rhiannon worked for a number of charities including Meningitis Now and the British Red Cross. Since joining Bible Society, Rhiannon has led innovative research projects on belief, Christianity and the Bible. She leads the Research and Impact team, which is responsible for producing high-quality insight to support Bible Society and the wider Church in mission. She and her husband live in Gloucestershire with their two daughters.

About PEP Talk

The Persuasive Evangelism Podcast aims to equip listeners to share their faith more effectively in a sceptical world. Each episode, Andy Bannister (Solas) and Kristi Mair (Oak Hill College) chat to a guest who has a great story, a useful resource, or some other expertise that helps equip you to talk persuasively, winsomely, and engagingly with your friends, colleagues and neighbours about Jesus.

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Key arguments for God: A Beginner’s Guide

What are the strongest arguments for God and why are they persuasive? The ‘Beginner’s Guide to Apologetics’ is here to help!

Read more about the cases from philosophy, science, history, mathematics and many more fields. 

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“If you look around there’s so many competing ideas: different religions, different worldviews, different truth claims. How do we actually test what is true?” 

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Andy gives a quick summary of the many key arguments for believing in God. 

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Will you help produce more resources to help Christians defend their faith?

Will you stand with Solas as we seek to help empower Christians to be able share the good news of Jesus persuasively?  We speak at evangelistic events, as well as helping to train Christians to share their faith more effectively.

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